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Several factors may increase an individual’s risk of developing prostate cancer. Here are some groups that are considered to be at higher risk:
- Age: Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the risk increasing with age. The majority of prostate cancers are diagnosed in men over the age of 50, and the risk continues to rise with each decade of life.
- Family history: Men with a family history of prostate cancer, particularly in first-degree relatives (father, brother), are at increased risk. Having a close relative with prostate cancer doubles or triples the risk of developing the disease.
- Race and ethnicity: Prostate cancer occurs more frequently in certain racial and ethnic groups, with African American men having the highest incidence rates globally. African American men are more than twice as likely to develop prostate cancer and have a higher risk of aggressive disease compared to white men. Asian American and Hispanic/Latino men have lower incidence rates compared to white and African American men.
- Genetics: Inherited genetic mutations may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer. Mutations in genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOXB13 have been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, particularly in families with a history of breast or ovarian cancer.
- Dietary factors: A diet high in red meat, processed meat, and high-fat dairy products may increase the risk of prostate cancer, while a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may lower the risk. However, the evidence linking dietary factors to prostate cancer risk is not definitive.
- Obesity: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer and may also affect the progression and treatment outcomes of the disease.
- Hormonal factors: Androgens, such as testosterone, play a role in the development and growth of prostate cancer. Men with higher levels of androgens or conditions that increase androgen levels may be at increased risk of developing prostate cancer.
It’s important to note that having one or more risk factors for prostate cancer does not mean that a man will definitely develop the disease. Many men with prostate cancer do not have any known risk factors, and not all men with risk factors will develop prostate cancer. Regular medical check-ups and discussions with healthcare providers about prostate cancer screening can help detect the disease early when it is most treatable.